@article{oai:shotoku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00000651,
 author = {White, Gary B.},
 journal = {聖徳学園女子短期大学紀要, Bulletin of the Shotoku Gakuen Women's Junior College},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {Four groups of students at a private junior college in Gifu prefecture were involved in this study. I conducted a hearing exercise consisting of three tests to measure their ability to hear the "short" A, E, I, 0, U vowel sounds and correctly identify them. The students performed poorly, in particular, when trying to distinguish "short" A, 0, U. There appeared to be a lot of random guessing and many answers were left blank, raising speculation they could not hear the English sounds because of the interference of their Japanese sound system. However, test scores tended to improve after each test, illustrating the efficacy of English phonics training for Japanese junior college English students.},
 pages = {127--135},
 title = {The Relationship between Hearing and Identification of Short Vowel Sounds in 2-Year Japanese Junior College Students},
 volume = {21},
 year = {1993}
}